... The signal on the 'Up' line controlling movements in the 'Down' direction, E2453, can route passenger trains from the 'Up' platform back towards Worcester. Previously, in order for that to happen the train would have needed to shunt empty back onto the single line (either at the Pershore end or the Honeybourne end) and back into the 'Down' platform. The only restriction I can now see is that a train can't be routed straight from Evesham West Junction to the 'Down' platform, but should that be required in the future I would have thought it would be pretty easy to implement as the infrastructure is all in place with E2452 just needing a junction indicator or theatre box installed.
You'd also need to install a signal with a fixed red aspect on the London end of the Evesham down platform but, yes, that apart it shouldn't be hugely difficult.
I see you could run a train to Evesham from Worcester, terminate it and run back to Worcester using the up platform. There would need to be a block on issing another token to an up service from Norton until the first service had returned down the single line. I would have thought that would be pretty complex...
I don't know for certain, but I imagine they still use traditional 'is line clear' bell codes for the single line. Evesham would refuse to accept a second up train with one in the up platform that is about to reverse.
...As you say they could switch an up train to the down line at the end of the single line, I guess they would then need signals on the down line east of Evesham station in both directions...
No, only the fixed red signal mentioned above. Obviously a move from the single line into the down platform could only be permitted if the down section from Honeybourne was absolutely clear. The down signals there would provide the necessary signal protection for the shunting move at Evesham, until the train there had left back towards Worcester.
Are you allowed to run trains in opposite directions with intermediate signal protection?
If you mean could you shunt a train on the single line at Evesham with another one already running up to a new up intermediate signal at, say, Pershore, I'm afraid the answer is no.
...but alterations at Honeybourne to allow the trains to start back from there (in passenger service) would be slightly more expensive.
Yes. To terminate and reverse up trains from Honeybourne platform would entail an additional track circuit though the platform and, probably, an up starting signal at the end of it, as well as a down signal for the reversing trains. Obviously the existing crossover at the junction can be used.
Terminating down trains at Honeybourne would be possible with a small modification to enable the shunting signal west of the junction to signal trains back towards Moreton - currently it can only be used for reversals from there which are going onto the Long Marston line. At a pinch, this could be done without providing an up starting signal per the above, as the situation would be analogous to empty trains which reverse at Malvern Wells now, proceeding into the block section to Newland East on the authority of a shunting signal. In practice one would probably then provide a main running aspect for the move, though.