Quoting this as an example of a good description on JourneyCheck
Delays to services between Bristol Parkway and Cardiff Central
Due to a fault with the signalling system between Severn Tunnel Jn and Newport South Wales disruption is expected until 12:15 29/10.
Train services between Bristol Parkway and Cardiff Central may be delayed.
Customer Advice
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We are sorry for the delay to your journey.
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Some axle counters, part of the signalling system, have stopped working between Severn Tunnel Junction and Newport. Axle counters tell the signalling system if a section of track has a train on it. If an axle counter stops working, trains need to stop at the affected signal so that the Driver can speak to the Signaller to confirm if the track ahead is clear. Trains are able to run on other lines through the affected area, however trains have to run at a much reduced speed on these so some delays to services are expected.
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Network Rail have specialist staff on site who are investigating the problem.
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We will update this message with more information when we have it.