The go-to historical event would be a railway accident, but the trouble is finding them. A search through all newspapers and all years for an event that happened on one day of the year is tricky. News is reported after the event, by several days for most newspapers (weeklies), and search engines have yet to reach the level of development needed to support such a search ...
Easy enough to scrape Wikipedia and filter it with a Python (and having had a morning of radio interviews, vet trips, webinars, bill paying and boiler repairs I felt like relaxing with some Python) script. For today:
January 12, 1899 – United Kingdom – A London and North Western Railway express freight train derailed at Penmaenmawr, Caernarfonshire because the formation was washed away in a storm. Both locomotive crew were killed.
January 12, 1919 – United States – Genesee County, New York. The New York Central Southwestern Limited rammed the back of the Wolverine at South Byron. A Pullman sleeping car was pushed upward and fell on top of another Pullman sleeper, killing 22 people.
January 12, 1939 – British India – At Hazaribagh on the East Indian Railway, saboteurs remove a 36-foot (11 m) length of rail. The locomotive of the Dehra Dun Express from Howrah actually makes it across the gap and regains the rails, but the track is sufficiently damaged that the rest of the train is derailed, with 21 deaths and 71 injuries. A reward offer of 25,000 rupees fails to lead to a prosecution. This is one of 131 sabotage attempts against the railway in a 10-year period.
January 12, 1997 – Italy – A Pendolino train derails due to excessive speed just before Piacenza station, killing 8 people and injuring 29 others.
January 12, 2001 – Republic of the Congo – Nvoungouti: More than 30 people die when two trains collide because of a brake failure at Nvoungouti.