For standard gauge you can either have a 150 type carriage (wider than units like 156 but 20m in length) or a 156 (longer than 150 carriages but narrower than a 156.)
Well that clears everything up, thanks for the elegant explanation...
Yes I obviously meant 156s are longer but narrower than a 150. I tried to explain it in the most simple terms.
Having said that, northwesterntrains' assertion that this is required for 3+2 seating is nonsense, as there are high-density suburban units operating all over the network that have 3+2 seating and aren't built to the WR loading gauge (450s are just one example).
Nonsense?!
All these units were built with 3+2 seating:
A 450 (or a 350/2) carriage is 20.4m long and 2.8m wide
A 165 (or a 166) carriage is 22.9m long and 2.8m wide
A 150 carriage is 20.6m long and 2.8m wide
A 142 carriage is 15.6m long and 2.8m wide
Can you see not see the pattern? They are all the same width, give or take a few cm. However, the 165s and 166s are the exception as they are around 1.5m longer than any other train built to a 2.8m width
Now let's look at some units built with 2+2 seating:
A 170 carriage is 23.6m long and 2.7m wide
A 175 carriage is 23.7m long and 2.7m wide
A 156 carriage is 23.0m long and 2.7m wide
Now I'm not arguing that 10cm is enough extra width for an extra seat but I don't know about any 2.7m wide carriages being built with 3+2 seating.
The 350/1s are an exception but they were originally intended to be 450s before being adapted to become 350/1s and the longer distance services they were planned to be used on made 2+2 seating more suitable.